French Cardinals


 * Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu
 * 1607 Bishop
 * 1616 Secretary of State
 * 1622 Cardinal
 * 1624-1642 Chief Minister


 * Jules Cardinal Mazarin
 * 1641 Cardinal
 * 1642-1661 Chief Minister

Secretaries of State first appeared in 1547 under the reign of Henri II, but only gained in importance from 1588 on. The various secretaries of state were from that point on considered part of the Great Officers of the Crown of France.